The Hidden Echoes of War, Japanese Defense Caves in Klungkung, Bali

One of the remnants from Indonesia’s colonial past—specifically the Japanese occupation during World War II—is the network of Japanese defense caves. These man-made tunnels, though long known to locals, have only recently drawn historical interest due to a lack of focused archaeological research. Among the most notable is the Japanese Defense Cave in Banjarangkan District,…

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